Identification of adenosine deaminase inhibitors from Tofu wastewater and litchi peel and their synergistic anticancer and antibacterial activities with cordycepin.

Adenosine deaminase ( ADA) inhibitors regulate cellular levels of adenosine and deoxyadenosine and can be used as anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs or degradation inhibitors of adenosine drugs. Screening of natural ADA inhibitors indicated crude extracts from Tofu wastewater and litchi peel showed strong ADA inhibition. Genistin, genistein and daidzein from Tofu wastewater and cyanidin-3-rutinoside from litchi peel were purified with simple processes and identified as ADA inhibitors. Structure-activity investigation indicated genistein and cyanidin-3-rutinoside had high ADA inhibition at IC50 of 0.4 and 0.6 mg mL−1, respectively. Genistein and cyanidin-3-rutinoside showed synergistic anticancer and antibacterial activities with cordycepin. Docking simulation suggested that genistein and cyanidin-3-rutinoside can enter into ADA active site, bind with its functional amino acids through H-bonds and competitively inhibit the enzyme. This work indicated the extracts from Tofu wastewater and litchi peel, and their active flavonoids from food processing wasters can be used as health food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]