Scale Effect in Indirect Measurement of Leaf Area Index.

Scale effect, which is caused by a combination of model nonlinearity and surface heterogeneity, has been of interest to the remote sensing community for decades. However, there is no current analysis of scale effect in the ground-based indirect measurement of leaf area index (LAI), where model nonlinearity and surface heterogeneity also exist. This paper examines the scale effect on the indirect measurement of LAI. We built multiscale data sets based on realistic scenes and field measurements. We then implemented five representative methods of indirect LAI measurement at scales (segment lengths) that range from meters to hundreds of meters. The results show varying degrees of deviation and fluctuation that exist in all five methods when the segment length is shorter than 20 m. The retrieved LAI from either Beer's law or the gap-size distribution method shows a decreasing trend with increasing segment lengths. The length at which the LAI values begin to stabilize is about a full period of row in row crops and 100 m in broadleaf or coniferous forests. The impacts of segment length on the finite-length averaging method, the combination of gap-size distribution and finite-length methods, and the path-length distribution method are relatively small. These three methods stabilize at the segment scale longer than 20 m in all scenes. We also find that computing the average LAI of all of the short segment lengths, which is commonly done, is not as good as merging these short segments into a longer one and computing the LAI value of the merged one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]