Fulminant adenovirus hepatitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplant: Retrospective real-time PCR analysis for adenovirus DNA in two cases.

Background Viral infection is one of the major causes of mortality in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Systemic infection of adenovirus (AdV) has emerged as a not uncommon viral infection with significant morbidity and mortality as with cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus infection. Routine surveillance for these viruses has become a clinical practice and subsequent preemptive therapy improves patients' outcomes; however, the effectiveness of preemptive therapy for AdV has not been fully investigated in patients with a lethal form of AdV infection. Methods Sequential AdV loads were retrospectively analyzed in children with fulminant AdV hepatitis after HSCT. Results The AdV DNA became detectable (1 × 10 4 copies/mL) as early as 2 weeks after HSCT. These levels reached >1 × 10 8 copies/mL at the onset of fulminant hepatitis. However, we determined that γ-glutamyltransferase levels were elevated to >100 IU/L at least 2 weeks before the diagnosis of hepatitis. Conclusions Our observation raises the possibility that elevated γ-glutamyltransferase could be a sentinel marker for AdV hepatitis, which prompts elaborated monitoring of AdV load and targeted treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]