The standard upwind compact difference schemes for incompressible flow simulations.

Compact difference schemes have been used extensively for solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. However, the earlier formulations of the schemes are of central type (called central compact schemes, CCS), which are dispersive and susceptible to numerical instability. To enhance stability of CCS, the optimal upwind compact schemes (OUCS) are developed recently by adding high order dissipative terms to CCS. In this paper, it is found that OUCS are essentially not of the upwind type because they do not use upwind-biased but central type of stencils. Furthermore, OUCS are not the most optimal since orders of accuracy of OUCS are at least one order lower than the maximum achievable orders. New upwind compact schemes (called standard upwind compact schemes, SUCS) are developed in this paper. In contrast to OUCS, SUCS are constructed based completely on upwind-biased stencils and hence can gain adequate numerical dissipation with no need for introducing optimization calculations. Furthermore, SUCS can achieve the maximum achievable orders of accuracy and hence be more compact than OUCS. More importantly, SUCS have prominent advantages on combining the stable and high resolution properties which are demonstrated from the global spectral analyses and typical numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]