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Low temperature synthesis of graphene-encapsulated copper nanoparticles from kraft lignin.
- Source :
-
Materials Letters . Dec2016, Vol. 185, p131-134. 4p. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- The formation of graphene-encapsulated copper nanoparticles was investigated through carbonizing a mixture of kraft lignin and copper sulfate pentahydrate at the temperature up to 500 °C. The abrupt conversion of copper ions into its atoms occurred at 300 °C. The formation of graphene layers surrounding copper nanoparticles started as early as the heating temperature reached 400 °C. Most copper nanoparticles were covered with less than five graphene layers when the temperature reached 500 °C. The average diameter of graphene-encapsulated copper nanoparticles was 12.75 and 11.62 nm for temperature at 400 and 500 °C, respectively. The heating temperature had no significant effect on the size of graphene-encapsulated copper nanoparticles in the evaluated temperature range. It is believed that the formation of graphene-layered shell surrounding copper nanoparticles is based on the mechanism of self-limiting theory with solid carbon as the carbon source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0167577X
- Volume :
- 185
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Materials Letters
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 119510199
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.08.122