Hybrid Peace Governance: Its Emergence and Impact.

International efforts to promote peace and democracy in conflict areas create a great deal of local resistance. International and domestic actors enter into a bargaining relationship whereby each attempts to promote its own values, norms and practices, extract most concessions from the other side and resist giving in to pressures. The end result is a condition of hybrid peace governance, one in which liberal and illiberal norms, institutions and actors exist alongside each other in a context where violence, actual or potential, may continue to play an important role. Such a hybrid political, economic and social order is a far cry from the liberal idea of peace based on legitimate and accountable democratic institutions, the rule of law, human rights, free media, market economy and an open civil society. This paper accounts for the emergence of hybrid peace governance and develops a typology based on the war-peace and liberal-illiberal spectra. Furthermore, this paper discusses the implications of hybrid peace governance, and in particular whether it may avoid the pitfalls of top-down liberal peacebuilding and provide new opportunities for a more sustainable, locally engrained version of peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]