Applicability of geotechnical approaches and constitutive models for foundation analysis of marine renewable energy arrays.

Emerging development in perovskite sensitized solar cell have ushered in a transformative shift in the evolution of efficient and low-cost solar cell technologies. The improvement represents significant progress in the performance of sensitized solar cells since their breakthrough in 1991. Existing unexplored opportunities with these new developments depicts potential platform to achieve higher efficiency. Earlier development in solid state dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has led to the incorporation of novel semiconductor nanocrystalline quantum dots (QDs) and perovskite as alternative sensitizer to improve device stability and enhance absorption coefficient. The attractiveness of perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 as sensitizer for solar cell incorporates its cost-effectiveness and light-harvesting capability which has shown consistent improvement in device performance in recent years. The incorporation of metal chalcogenides into solid-state dye sensitized solar cells showed significant improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.05%. With CH3NH3PbX3 (X=Cl, Br, or I) as an alternative to dye, device performance has shown to be promising although emerging challenges require a prioritized concern. In this review, recent exciting improvements in the performance of perovskite solar cells were discussed and the fundamental mechanisms incorporated into the structural evolution leading to PCE of 20.8%. In addition, prospects overriding present challenges were proposed for future work toward practical realization of highly- efficient solar cell upon optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]