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Neuropeptide systems and new treatments for nicotine addiction.
- Source :
-
Psychopharmacology . May2017, Vol. 234 Issue 9/10, p1419-1437. 19p. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Rationale: The mildly euphoric and cognitive enhancing effects of nicotine play a role in the initiation of smoking, while dysphoria and anxiety associated with smoking cessation contribute to relapse. After the acute withdrawal phase, smoking cues, a few cigarettes (i.e., lapse), and stressors can cause relapse. Human and animal studies have shown that neuropeptides play a critical role in nicotine addiction. Objectives: The goal of this paper is to describe the role of neuropeptide systems in the initiation of nicotine intake, nicotine withdrawal, and the reinstatement of extinguished nicotine seeking. Results: The reviewed studies indicate that several drugs that target neuropeptide systems diminish the rewarding effects of nicotine by preventing the activation of dopaminergic systems. Other peptide-based drugs diminish the hyperactivity of brain stress systems and diminish withdrawal-associated symptom severity. Blockade of hypocretin-1 and nociceptin receptors and stimulation of galanin and neurotensin receptors diminishes the rewarding effects of nicotine. Both corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 and kappa-opioid receptor antagonists diminish dysphoria and anxiety-like behavior associated with nicotine withdrawal and inhibit stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. Furthermore, blockade of vasopressin 1b receptors diminishes dysphoria during nicotine withdrawal, and melanocortin 4 receptor blockade prevents stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. The role of neuropeptide systems in nicotine-primed and cue-induced reinstatement is largely unexplored, but there is evidence for a role of hypocretin-1 receptors in cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. Conclusion: Drugs that target neuropeptide systems might decrease the euphoric effects of smoking and improve relapse rates by diminishing withdrawal symptoms and improving stress resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- *NEUROPEPTIDES
*NICOTINE
*SMOKING
*SMOKING cessation
*MENTAL depression
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00333158
- Volume :
- 234
- Issue :
- 9/10
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Psychopharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 122897823
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4513-5