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Surface Rupture Effects on Earthquake Moment-Area Scaling Relations.
- Source :
-
Pure & Applied Geophysics . Sep2017, Vol. 174 Issue 9, p3331-3342. 12p. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Empirical earthquake scaling relations play a central role in fundamental studies of earthquake physics and in current practice of earthquake hazard assessment, and are being refined by advances in earthquake source analysis. A scaling relation between seismic moment ( M ) and rupture area ( A) currently in use for ground motion prediction in Japan features a transition regime of the form M - A , between the well-recognized small (self-similar) and very large (W-model) earthquake regimes, which has counter-intuitive attributes and uncertain theoretical underpinnings. Here, we investigate the mechanical origin of this transition regime via earthquake cycle simulations, analytical dislocation models and numerical crack models on strike-slip faults. We find that, even if stress drop is assumed constant, the properties of the transition regime are controlled by surface rupture effects, comprising an effective rupture elongation along-dip due to a mirror effect and systematic changes of the shape factor relating slip to stress drop. Based on this physical insight, we propose a simplified formula to account for these effects in M - A scaling relations for strike-slip earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00334553
- Volume :
- 174
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Pure & Applied Geophysics
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 125349552
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1467-4