Flutes of the first European farmers.

During the 6th millennium BC new cultures developed though new subsistence strategies like farming and cattle breeding -- combined with sedentariness, new types of houses, new tools and vessels made of burnt clay. Musical instruments created after own imaginations were formed from clay. Fragments of six possible vessel flutes were discovered in Brunn am Gebirge/locality Wolfholz in site 2 and 3, which date 5670-5350 calBC respectively 5300-5250 calBC. Their shapes are cylindrical and subconical. On the front side, they show three finger holes, on the backside one. Reconstruction with suitable mouth pieces allow five tunes in the fourth and fifth octave with sound levels between 74-93 db. The ranges were calculated until maximal 62 m at surroundings sound level in the free field of 42 dB. Similar objects, interpreted as idols, were found in the Late Starčevo site of Gellénháza, Hungary, in Ovcharovo-gorata and Hotnitsa in Bulgaria. One ball shaped ocarina derives from Mramor in Makedonia. Longbones of birds were still used in creating musical instruments as the small bone whistle from Sesklo, Greece, Middle Sesklo culture proves. Another fragment of a pipe with a finger hole was unearthed in Anzabegovo, Macedonia. The oldest pan pipe belonged to the grave good of a rich man's burial in Mariupol, Ukraine, from the Lower Don culture. Music -- compositions with melodies up from the fourth octave -- played certainly an important role in every day's live as well as in cultic ceremonies of the Early Neolithic people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]