Vector Control of Piezoelectric Transducers and Ultrasonic Actuators.

This paper presents the implementation of a novel vibration amplitude control and resonant frequency tracking for piezoelectric transducers (PTs) and ultrasonic motors (USMs). It is based on a generalization of the vector control method to the PT and the USM, which is explained in the first part. We show that two independent controllers with a similar structure are required: one tracks the resonant frequency and the second controls the amplitude. We then present the implementation into a low-cost digital signal processing controller with a sampling period of 200  $\mu$s. Experimental results on a Langevin transducer achieved a time response of 20 ms approximately, and the generality of the method is further demonstrated on a 2-D tactile stimulator at the end of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]