First identification and characterization of <italic>Streptococcus iniae</italic> obtained from tilapia (<italic>Oreochromis aureus</italic>) farmed in Mexico.

Abstract: This is the first study to isolate, identify and characterize <italic>Streptococcus iniae</italic> as the causative disease agent in two tilapia (<italic>Oreochromis aureus</italic>) populations. The populations were geographically isolated, of distinct origins, and did not share water sources. Affected fish showed various external (e.g., exophthalmia and cachexia, among others) and internal (e.g., granulomatous septicaemia and interstitial nephritis, among others) signs. All internal organ samples produced pure cultures, two of which (one from each farm, termed S‐1 and S‐2) were subjected to biochemical, PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing (99.5% similarity) analyses, confirming <italic>S. iniae</italic> identification. The two isolates presented genetic homogeneity regardless of technique (i.e., RAPD, REP‐PCR and ERIC‐PCR analyses). Pathogenic potentials were assessed through intraperitoneal injection challenges in rainbow trout (<italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</italic>) and zebrafish (<italic>Danio rerio</italic>). Rainbow trout mortalities were respectively 40% and 70% at 104 and 106 CFU per fish with the S‐1 isolate, while 100% mortality rates were recorded in zebrafish at 102 and 104 CFU per fish with the S‐2 isolate. The obtained data clearly indicate a relationship between intensified aquaculture activities in Mexico and new disease appearances. Future studies should establish clinical significances for the tilapia industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]