Shifted Frequency Modeling of Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converters for Simulation of MTDC Grid.

When investigating voltage and current stresses in critical main circuit components during faults of the converter, a detailed equivalent model capable of representing the balancing control strategies of the capacitor voltages on the submodule level, along with blocking and delocking, is always necessary. Among previously proposed equivalent models of the modular multilevel converter (MMC), only submodule averaged models (SAMs) can capture interested inner dynamics inside each arm. However, the simulation accuracy of SAMs is not always satisfactory, especially when the time step is larger than 10 $\mu$s. In order to further improve the simulation accuracy with guaranteed simulation efficiency, the shifted frequency modeling of the half- and full-bridge hybrid MMC is proposed in this paper. Therein, each submodule is represented by Thévenin equivalents derived by submodule dynamic phasors. The arm of the MMC is represented by Norton equivalents to guarantee the efficiency, considering both normal and dc-blocking conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of accuracy and efficiency is validated by simulating an MMC-based HVdc transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]