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How Do Electronic Cigarettes Affect Cravings to Smoke or Vape? Parsing the Influences of Nicotine and Expectancies Using the Balanced-Placebo Design.
- Source :
-
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology . May2018, Vol. 86 Issue 5, p486-491. 6p. - Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Objective: Although electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are frequently initiated for smoking cessation, results from the first two clinical trials testing this suggest that the perceived benefits of vaping may be influenced by non-nicotine factors, including cognitive outcome expectancies. The current study investigated the separate and combined effects of nicotine delivery and outcome expectancies on cravings for cigarettes and e-cigarettes using a balanced-placebo experiment. Method: Drug dosage (contains nicotine or not) was crossed with instructional set (told nicotine or non-nicotine) during ad lib e-cigarette use sessions by 128 current e-cigarette users (52 identifying as current cigarette smokers or "dual users"). It was hypothesized that reduction in craving for both cigarettes and e-cigarettes following e-cigarette administration would be driven primarily by the instructional set manipulation, reflecting the influence of outcome expectancies. Results: As hypothesized, among dual users, a main effect of instructional set emerged on reductions in craving to smoke cigarettes, with participants who were told that their e-cigarette contained nicotine reporting greater craving reduction (p = .046). With respect to reduced cravings for e-cigarettes, we found an interaction between drug dose and instructional set (p = .02) such that nicotine e-cigarettes reduced cravings more than non-nicotine e-cigarettes only among participants told to expect nicotine. Conclusions: Findings suggest that cognitive expectancies contribute to the acute effects of e-cigarettes on craving, which may provide guidance for their potential as smoking cessation aids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- *ELECTRONIC cigarettes
*SMOKING
*NICOTINE
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0022006X
- Volume :
- 86
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 129433431
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000303