Respiratory.

This article present several studies related to respiratory disease in children. There are common risk factors for having reduced maximal flow at functional residual capacity in infancy and also for wheeze that persists beyond three years. The mitochondrial proteins, uncoupling protein, located on the inner mitochondrial membrane, and voltage-dependent anion channel, located on the outer mitochondrium have been proposed to regulate both energy metabolism and apoptosis. The extent to which abundance of these primary mitochondrial proteins may be reprogrammed by maternal nutrient restriction is unknown.