Tunable electrocaloric and energy storage behavior in the Ce, Mn hybrid doped BaTiO3 ceramics.

The electrocaloric effect and energy storage property are tuned in the Ba 1-x Ce x Ti 0.99 Mn 0.01 O 3 ceramics prepared by the solid state reaction method. The ceramics with lower Ce content (x = 0.005, 0.015) show a better ΔT and ΔT/ΔE response. The ceramics with higher Ce content (x = 0.030, 0.040, 0.045) represent the broader ΔT peaks (50 K–60 K), and the higher energy storage density and efficiency. The largest electrocaloric response (ΔT max  = 1.22 K, ΔT/ΔE = 0.41 K mm/kV) is found in the Ba 0.995 Ce 0.005 Ti 0.99 Mn 0.01 O 3 ceramics, which is comparable or even higher than that of the most isovalent substituting BaTiO 3 -based ceramics reported before. The maximum energy storage density 0.11 J/cm 3 ( E  = 30 kV/cm) is obtained for the Ba 0.970 Ce 0.030 Ti 0.99 Mn 0.01 O 3 ceramics, with high efficiency of 65–88% over a wide temperature range of 72 K. This work may open more opportunities to design high electrocalaric and energy storage performance lead-free systems from the viewpoint of the heterovalent and size mismatch substitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]