Energy-Internet-oriented microgrid energy management system architecture and its application in China.

Highlights • An architecture of microgrid energy management system was established. • The architecture was designed for China in the context of Energy Internet. • Two-stage robust optimization model and algorithm were proposed. • Case study was conducted using a real case of Beijing Jinfeng Industrial Park. Abstract In order to address the practical challenges posed by the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources and electric vehicles, the evolution from traditional power systems to Energy Internet and the rapidly changing market and policy environments in China, this paper proposes an Energy-Internet-oriented architecture of microgrid energy management system for China, considering specific technical requirements, markets and policies in China. Following the proposed architecture, the robust operation of a multi-energy microgrid with renewable energy and load uncertainties is formulated as a two-stage robust optimization problem and the column and constraints generation algorithm is used to solve it. A real-life case study in China, Beijing Goldwind Industrial Park, is conducted to demonstrate the proposed architecture and method. Simulation results show that by exporting surplus generation to the external customers and bulk power grid, as an important feature of the market dimension of the proposed architecture, the revenue of the microgrid is improved significantly compared to the traditional business mode. Moreover, as important features of technology and regulation dimensions of the proposed architecture, it is shown that smart charging of electric vehicles is able to improve the revenue of the microgrid as well. Finally, the results also show that the proposed robust operation method achieves robustness at the cost of lower revenue in non-worst scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]