HAXPES beamline PES‐BL14 at the Indus‐2 synchrotron radiation source.

The Hard X‐ray Photo‐Electron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) beamline (PES‐BL14), installed at the 1.5 T bending‐magnet port at the Indian synchrotron (Indus‐2), is now available to users. The beamline can be used for X‐ray photo‐emission electron spectroscopy measurements on solid samples. The PES beamline has an excitation energy range from 3 keV to 15 keV for increased bulk sensitivity. An in‐house‐developed double‐crystal monochromator [Si (111)] and a platinum‐coated X‐ray mirror are used for the beam monochromatization and manipulation, respectively. This beamline is equipped with a high‐energy (up to 15 keV) high‐resolution (meV) hemispherical analyzer with a microchannel plate and CCD detector system with SpecsLab Prodigy and CasaXPS software. Additional user facilities include a thin‐film laboratory for sample preparation and a workstation for on‐site data processing. In this article, the design details of the beamline, other facilities and some recent scientific results are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]