Harvesting Electromagnetic Energy in the ${V}$ -Band Using a Rectenna Formed by a Bow Tie Integrated With a 6-nm-Thick Au/HfO2/Pt Metal–Insulator–Metal Diode.

In this paper, the first demonstration of a bow-tie antenna integrated with a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diode for electromagnetic energy harvesting in the ${V}$ -band (i.e., 40–75 GHz) is presented. We have designed, simulated, fabricated, and fully characterized a 60-GHz rectifying antenna (rectenna) based on a vertical Au-HfO2-Pt MIM diode with reduced differential resistance. The dielectric used for the MIM structure is a 6-nm-thick amorphous HfO2 grown by atomic layer deposition. For the fabricated MIM device, we report here a current density of ${3} \times {10}^{ {4}}$ A/cm2 that exceeds the previous values presented in the literature. The vertical MIM-based rectenna is able to efficiently harvest up to $250~\mu \text{V}$ from an impinging modulated millimeter-wave signal with −20 dBm of available power, thus offering a voltage responsivity of over 5 V/W. The reported results indicate that the proposed approach is well suited for future low-power solutions much sought after for the energetically autonomous 5G terminal equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]