Three-way decision and granular computing.

Abstract Based on results from cognitive science, this paper examines the two fields of three-way decision and granular computing, as well as their interplay. The ideas from one field shed new light on the other field. The integration of the two gives rise to three-way granular computing, that is, thinking, problem solving, and information processing in threes. We discuss a wide sense of three-way decision and propose a trisecting–acting–outcome (TAO) model. We explain fundamental notions of granular computing based on the philosophy of three-way decision as thinking in threes. We discuss a model of three-way granular computing by making use of two particular types of granular structures represented, respectively, by three granules and three levels. We use examples across different disciplines to demonstrate the values of the two types. Our investigation suggests that, in many situations, the power of granular computing is indeed the power of three-way decision, i.e., thinking in threes. Highlights • Discuss a wide sense of three-way decision as thinking in threes. • Propose a TAO (trisecting–acting–outcome) model of three-way decision. • Explore the interplay of three-way decision and granular computing in the context of cognitive science. • Explain granular computing according to a philosophy of thinking in threes. • Illustrate the value of three-way decision by many examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]