Active earth pressure for soils with tension cracks under steady unsaturated flow conditions.

The calculation of active earth pressure has commonly been performed under dry or saturated conditions. However, in practice soils are usually unsaturated. With the aim of estimating active earth pressure under steady unsaturated flow conditions, this paper describes a new method within the framework of the kinematic approach of limit analysis. A closed-form formula is adopted to estimate the suction stress of unsaturated soils subjected to vertical steady flow. A rotational failure mechanism composed of a log-spiral curve and a vertical crack is presented for calculations of the external work rate and internal energy dissipation rate. Pre-existing cracks as well as cracks that form as part of the failure mechanism are considered in the present work. The maximum depth of cracks is determined by requiring the vertical crack boundary to be stable. Explicit expressions about the thrust of active earth pressure for different crack types are derived from the work–energy balance equation, and the most critical solutions are obtained by optimizing the variables from the failure mechanism. Numerical results for different parameters are calculated and given in the form of graphs for practical use. A parametric study is performed to investigate the impact of different parameters on the active earth pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]