Adsorption of Safranin (Cationic) Dye from Water by Bambusa tulda: Characterization and ANN Modeling.

The present research is based on the removal of safranin (cationic) dye, an emerging contaminant from wastewater by sodium bicarbonate modified Bambusa tulda (variety of bamboo and a bioadsorbent) using adsorption technology. Characterization study of sodium bicarbonate-treated bamboo was done through scanning electron microscope analysis and it was found that after treatment with sodium bicarbonate, pore structure of B. tulda gets widened increasing active pore cavity in the adsorbent resulting in larger surface area for higher adsorption. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed the presence of Na, Cl, etc., in safranin dye adsorbed adsorbent; in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis presence of Hydroxyl and Carboxyl group helps largely for adsorption of safranin dye. The batch study experiment gave optimum results for safranin dye at pH 7; rpm 200, temperature 298 K, with an initial concentration of 50 mg/L and a dose of 10 g/L with maximum adsorption capacity of 32.26 mg/g, followed by pseudo second order rate equation and a removal rate of 98.15% for 60 min of time duration. The activation energy was 17.376 kJ/mol. Two algorithms are used in artificial neural network (ANN), that is, Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regularization algorithm with different nodes. LM algorithm with three hidden nodes has higher R2 value with the lesser value of statistical error. Time, dose, and initial concentration can be considered for t-test. Intensive research has been carried out on the modified B. tulda along with characteristic study and modeling analysis by ANN and regression analysis Model Study and Error analysis. Taking considerations of all experimental results and model analysis, it is concluded that sodium bicarbonate treated B. tulda is a good, low cost, and effective adsorbent in comparison to commercially activated carbon for the removal of safranin (cationic) dye from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]