High-resolution foraminifer stable isotope record of MIS 19 at Montalbano Jonico, southern Italy: A window into Mediterranean climatic variability during a low-eccentricity interglacial.

Abstract Understanding millennial and sub-millennial climate variability during past low eccentricity interglacials similar to the Holocene is important for forecasting the evolution of climate and natural variability. The Ideale section (Montalbano Jonico, Southern Italy) studied here provides one of the best records of MIS 19c, the closest orbital analog to the Holocene. This exposed marine series covers Termination IX to the inception of MIS 18 with very high sedimentation rates (i.e. 90–200 cm/ka). We present 1) benthic δ18O and δ13C records at 90–200 year time-resolution, 2) a new 40Ar/39Ar age of 774.1 ± 0.9 ka for tephra layer V4 (Matuyama-Brunhes transitional period) and 3) new calcareous plankton, palynological and authigenic 10Be/9Be data. Our new Bayesian depth-age model suggests a 11.5 ± 3.4 ka (95% confidence) duration for the climatic optimum. The δ18O series reveals millennial-scale oscillations (with sharp transitions < 200 years) between ∼774.0 and the onset of MIS 18 (∼757.0 ka) with a cyclicity of about 5.4 ka. Spectral analysis and band-pass filtering indicate that these climate oscillations existed throughout the entire MIS 19 period, although they were dampened during MIS 19c, which is chiefly controlled by orbitally-driven insolation. The amplitude of those sub-orbital oscillations increased towards MIS 18 as the climate became drier and cooler. The Ideale section reveals, with unprecedented detail, millennial-scale climatic oscillations of MIS 19b-a that have been observed worldwide. They highlight the response of the central Mediterranean area to North Atlantic climatic variation (i.e. oceanic circulation and atmospheric processes related to ice-sheet dynamics) during this low eccentricity interglacial. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The 74.2 m IDEAL section (Montalbano-Jonico, Southern Italy) was revised. • New d18O, d13C, calcareous plankton, palynological and authigenic 10Be/9Be records are presented. • A refine age of 774.1 ± 0.9 ka for tephra layer V4 within the Matuyama-Brunhes transitional period is proposed. • The d18O reveals millennial-scale oscillations between 774.0 and 755.0 ka with a cyclicity of about 5.4 ka. • Climate oscillations existed throughout the entire MIS 19 period but hampered during MIS 19c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]