SBAS interferometric analysis for volcanic eruption of Hawaii island.

Abstract The Kilauea volcano on the Hawaii island started erupting on 3rd May 2018 after an earthquake of magnitude 5.0. The initial volcano eruption and the subsequent earthquakes resulted in the opening of new volcanic fissures, continuous lava flow at the lower east rift zone and the collapse of the summit caldera floor. All these activities continued until the 1st week of August 2018. The Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique is an advanced form of Differential Interferometry (DInSAR) which is capable of monitoring surface deformations with millimetre level accuracy. SBAS technique was utilised here for estimating the surface deformation on Hawaii island due to the volcanic episode. InSAR coherence technique was also utilised in this study for localised analysis at the summit and at the lower east rift zone to detect the time series deformation information and lava flow patterns. 14 interferometric datasets acquired by the ESA's Sentinel-1 C-band satellite from April 2018 to September 2018 were used in this study. The data acquired by the seismometers installed at Kilauea by Hawaii Volcano Observatory, the SWIR band of Sentinel-2 and the thermal band of Landsat-8 were used to correlate and verify the results obtained through the SBAS and InSAR coherence analysis. The combined interpretation of results obtained from all the sources gave insights about the underground magma conduit system, surface deformations, lava flow channels and the correlation between the magmatic and seismic activity happened there which are discussed in detail in this paper. Highlights • Detected subsidence at the Kilauea summit and Puu Oo crater due to magma withdrawal • Increased seismic activity at summit due to Caldera floor collapse • Open channel lava flow from fissures at Leilani Estates • Lava delta formation due to ocean entry of lava flowing through open channel • Sub-terrain magma conduit from summit reservoir to Leilani Estates [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]