Ferroptosis inhibitor SRS 16-86 attenuates ferroptosis and promotes functional recovery in contusion spinal cord injury.

Graphical abstract Highlights • Ferroptosis, an iron dependent cell death pathway, contributed to secondary injury of SCI. • Ferroptosis inhibitor SRS 16-86 inhibits ferroptosis in SCI by up-regulating GPX4, GSH and xCT, and downregulation of 4HNE. • Inhibiting ferroptosis is a novel approach to repair traumatic spinal cord injury. Abstract Cell death is a key issue in spinal cord secondary injury. Ferroptosis is recently discovered as an iron-dependent type of cell death that is distinct from other forms of cell death pathways such as apoptosis and necrosis. This research is aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis in spinal cord injury (SCI) pathophysiology, and to explore the effectiveness of ferroptosis inhibitor on SCI. We examined the ferroptosis markers and the factors in a rat contusion SCI model. Seen from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) following SCI, mitochondria showed ferroptotic characteristic changes. Treatment with a ferroptosis inhibitor SRS 16-86 enhanced functional recovery after SCI through the upregulation of anti-ferroptosis factor GPX4, GSH and xCT, and the downregulation of the lipid peroxidation marker 4HNE. SRS 16-86 treatment alleviated astrogliosis and enhanced neuronal survival after SCI. The inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, TNF-α and ICAM-1) were decreased significantly post SRS 16-86 treatment after SCI. These findings suggest strong correlation between ferroptosis and the secondary injury of SCI. The effectiveness of ferroptosis inhibitor SRS-16-86 on SCI repair leads to the identification of a novel therapeutic target for SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]