Waste to energy technology: The potential of sustainable biogas production from animal waste in Indonesia.

Abstract The implementation of waste to energy technology such as the production of biogas from animal waste has been considered as one of the best means to achieve sustainable energy development goals in many developing countries including Indonesia. In the past several years, the rapid increment in the number of animal husbandries in Indonesia could potentially provide a considerable amount of feedstock for the generation of biogas. Therefore, this article is aimed at highlighting the potential application of waste to energy technology via the production of biogas from animal waste as an alternative source of power generation in Indonesia. Here, Indonesia's energy mix and several issues regarding waste management is comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, this article also discusses the current status in Indonesia's energy generation from new and renewable resources, especially from waste. Hence, several key technologies on how to utilize waste for power generation are presented. Based on the analyses, numerous opportunities could be explored in terms of turning animal waste to energy by biogas production in Indonesia. It is estimated that about 9597.4 Mm3/year of biogas could potentially be generated from animal waste in Indonesia. This large amount of biogas production could be utilized to generate electric power up to 1.7 × 106 KWh/year. Finally, this paper also highlights several main challenges faced in the implementation of large-scale biogas production in Indonesia. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • Current issues in Indonesia's high-energy demand and waste management. • Recent development in waste to energy technologies in Indonesia. • Biogas production from organic waste as a promising renewable energy source. • The potential of biogas from animal waste for electricity generation in Indonesia. • Future prospects and challenges for large-scale biogas production in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]