Community participation in the planning and management of cultural landscapes.

The maintenance of valued landscapes often requires the active collaboration of local communities in their planning, management and sustainable development. This paper examines a variety of situations in which local stakeholders have actively participated in the protection and maintenance of 'cultural' landscapes. It reviews and interprets evidence on the ways in which central and local governments, non-governmental organizations, interest groups and the wider public can collaborate in planning and managing cultural landscapes. Particular attention is given to: the role of stakeholders, participation by communities-of-interest and communities-of-place; the management of specific landscape features; and policy and funding frameworks. It is concluded that community-based initiatives are unlikely to substitute for formal management of extensive protected areas, but that participatory approaches can be effective in more targeted situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]