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Latent TB Infection (LTBI) – Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis and the dynamics of the granuloma battleground.

Authors :
Rao, Martin
Ippolito, Giuseppe
Mfinanga, Sayoki
Ntoumi, Francine
Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy
Vilaplana, Cristina
Zumla, Alimuddin
Maeurer, Markus
Source :
International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2019Supplement, Vol. 80, pS58-S61. 4p.
Publication Year :
2019

Abstract

Highlights • Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) affects over 30% of the world's population. • Host-pathogen interactions, genetics and immune landscape influence LTBI granulomas. • Cancer studies offer a suitable template to decipher human LTBI granulomas. • Advanced molecular analysis and immunology will elucidate hitherto unknown aspects. • New data will help design host-directed therapies to reduce the global TB burden. Abstract Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is established in over 90% of persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), from whom new active TB cases will arise. Understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of host immune responses in LTBI granulomas is essential to designing effective post-exposure therapies that inhibit progression to TB. Information arising from cancer studies and other modalities – where local chronic inflammation leads to immunopathology – can help provide insights into the biological pathways at play in LTBI granulomas. Translational studies using patient material as well as LTBI+ donor-derived tissue samples are instrumental in understanding the various components of granuloma dynamics, immunological landscapes therein and how this could help to identify therapeutic targets. Deep sequencing technologies may aid to decipher the genetic changes in lung granuloma and blood samples from LTBI+ individuals associated with progression to active TB disease. This may lead to advancement of development of targeted Host-Directed Therapies (HDTs) and their evaluation as adjunct TB therapies for improving treatment outcomes for LTBI and pulmonary TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
12019712
Volume :
80
Database :
Academic Search Index
Journal :
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
135183852
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.02.035