Sodium arsenite augments sensitivity of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces to albendazole.

This study aimed to observe the effects of sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2) on apoptosis of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces induced by albendazole (ABZ), and to explore the potential mechanism of NaAsO 2. According to the following final concentrations, the experimental groups were divided into 10 μM NaAsO 2 , 20 μM NaAsO 2 , 80 μM ABZ, 10 μM NaAsO 2 +80 μM ABZ, and 20 μM NaAsO 2 +80 μM ABZ. Viability was detected with 0.1% eosin staining. The ultrastructural alterations were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Caspase-3 activity was assessed with colorimetric assay. Meanwhile, ELISA or WST were applied to detect the activities of antioxidases in NaAsO 2 treatment groups. The maximum protoscolicidal effect was seen with the combination 20 μM NaAsO 2 +80 μM ABZ. The ultrastructural damage detected after NaAsO 2 +ABZ incubation were greater than those caused by ABZ alone and its primary damage site was the tegument of the parasite. The caspase-3 activity was clearly higher in protoscoleces treated with the combination of NaAsO 2 +ABZ than when drugs were used separately. The activities of NQO-1, HO-1, GST, and SOD were significantly lower in protoscoleces incubated with NaAsO 2 than the untreated controls (P < 0.05). According to our results, ABZ could induce protoscoleces apoptosis, and NaAsO 2 could significantly augment sensitivity of protoscoleces to ABZ. Image 1 • We incubated E. granulosus protoscoleces in vitro with NaAsO 2 , ABZ and NaAsO 2 +ABZ combination. • NaAsO 2 could accelerate the scolicidal effect of ABZ and cause more severe ultrastructural damage than those caused by ABZ alone. • The combination of NaAsO 2 + ABZ has greater effects on the improvement of the caspase-3 activity than when drugs were used separately. • Our results demonstrated that NaAsO 2 effectively inhibited the activities of antioxidases, which contributed to sensitize protoscoleces to ABZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]