DMPA-containing carbazole-based hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells: Recent advances and perspectives.

• Overview of CzDMPA based hole transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PCSs) is discussed. • Classification of DMPA-containing carbazole based HTMs is given. • Research trends in synthetic pathways and structure-property relationship are reviewed. • Photovoltaic performance and stability in PCSs are summarized. Perovskite solar cells (PSC) based on metal-organic halide perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) has increased remarkably over the last few years from less than 10% up to certified efficiencies exceeding 23%. Selective interfacial layers play a critical role in charge extraction processes. In order to obtain high efficiencies, a hole transporting material (HTM) is required. Huge research efforts have been made to design efficient and low-cost materials. Carbazole-based HTMs are among the most promising new HTMs, in particular when they are substituted with dimethoxydiphenylamine (DMPA) units. This review gives an overview of the different classes of DMPA-containing carbazole-based HTMs and highlights the synthetic pathways, the structure-property relationship and the photovoltaic performances obtained in PSC devices. The relevance of structural variations and chemical doping processes is discussed with regard to efficiency and stability issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]