Catalyst deactivation and regeneration during CO2 reforming of bio-oil.

Catalyst deactivation and regeneration during CO 2 reforming of bio-oil were researched in this paper. The results of XRD, TG and SEM analyses showed that the catalyst deactivation was a combination of carbon deposition and sintering. There were amorphous carbon and filamentous carbon on the catalyst surface, but amorphous carbon was the main carbon product, which was the main reason for the catalyst deactivation. The activity and stability of steam regeneration catalyst is superior to that of CO 2 and air regeneration catalyst, but steam regeneration process will consume much quantity of steam, which can be increased production cost. Air regeneration method is easy to sinter the center of catalyst. CO 2 regeneration process not only produces useful gases (C + CO 2 = 2CO), but also makes good use of greenhouse gases, which has an industrial application prospect. However, with the cycle of catalyst increasing, the activity and stability catalyst will decrease gradually during the CO 2 reforming process. • Catalyst deactivation is a combination of carbon deposition and sintering in CO 2 reforming process. • Steam regeneration is superior to that of other methods, but it will increase production cost. • CO 2 regeneration not only produces useful gases, but makes good use of greenhouse gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]