Indirubin regulates MPL and TNF expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia.

• Indirubin had no cytotoxic effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability • Lower MPL and GATA3 with higher IL6, TNF, and IFN-γ mRNA levels were found in ITP • Indirubin significantly enhanced MPL expression in PBMCs from ITP patients • Indirubin significantly inhibited TNF expression in PBMCs from ITP patients • Indirubin may play a direct role in thrombopoiesis and inflammation regulation Indirubin, a traditional Chinese medicine, is currently used to treat certain autoimmune diseases such as primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in clinics. However, the effects of indirubin on expression of related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ITP patients have not been investigated. In the present study, PBMCs were isolated from 19 adult patients with well-characterized active ITP and 20 healthy controls (HCs) and then treated with increasing concentrations of indirubin. The mRNA expression levels of thrombopoietin receptor (MPL), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B), interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that indirubin had no cytotoxic effect on PBMC viability. Significantly lower MPL (p < 0.05) and GATA3 (p < 0.05) expression together with markedly higher IL6 (p < 0.05), TNF (p < 0.0001), and IFN-γ (p < 0.001) mRNA levels were observed in ITP patients compared with HCs. Notably, indirubin significantly enhanced MPL expression and inhibited TNF expression in PBMCs from ITP patients (p < 0.05). In summary, indirubin may play a direct role in thrombopoiesis by activating cellular MPL and normalizing TNF expression to suppress inflammation in ITP. This study may thus improve our understanding of indirubin and provide important information for optimizing therapeutic strategies for ITP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]