A bi-functional redox mediator promoting the ORR and OER in non-aqueous Li–O2 batteries.

Herein, a bi-functional homogeneous redox mediator is employed to promote the rate capability of Li–O2 batteries. The addition of this redox mediator not only facilitates the formation of toroid-shaped Li2O2 at high current densities, but also significantly reduces the charging over-potential caused by the bulky Li2O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]