VARIABILIDADE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA PRECIPITAÇÃO: BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO MADEIRA.

The availability of the variable space-temporal in the description hydrographic is fundamental in the climatization, hydrological studies e prevention of environmental risks. The objective of this work is to discuss the rainfall distribution in the Madeira River basin, verifying it's areas of greatest and/or least water potential. The watershed of the Madeira River is located in the north of Brazil, most influential of the Amazon, with rains of 1650-3050 mm and very diverse soil. The rainfall data comes from ANA and the SST data was acquired from NOAA. The positive SST anomalies for the Pacific were verified, and in these same waters, negative values (SST). In the Atlantic Ocean it is observed the years of Positive and Negative Dipole. The rainiest quarter is January (300.6 mm), February (291.8 mm) and March (286.8 mm) and the least rainy is June (47.0 mm), July (29.4 mm) and August (36.7 mm). In the rainy season (Nov-Abr) the water supply is favored in the low course of the Madeira river. The dry season (Mai-Out) is characterized by a hydrological deficit. The lowest rains are south-southwest (1,120.5-1868.7 mm). In the central region of (1,868.7-2,192.6 mm). The major rain are concentrated to the northeast (2,501,1- 3,087,3 mm). The upstream flows (Rio Beni) presented in the majority of the period peaks superior to 4000 m³/s. The impact that rainfall causes on the water supply of a basin is crucial for the preservation of this environmental reservoir, since it influences in several sectors in the socioeconomic sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]