Study on fluid flow and heat transfer in fluid channel filled with KKL model-based nanofluid during natural convection using FVM.

Purpose: A comprehensive study on the fluid flow and heat transfer in a nanofluid channel is carried out. The configuration of the channel is as like as quarter channel. The channel is filled with CuO–water nanofluid. Design/methodology/approach: The Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model is used to estimate the dynamic viscosity and consider the Brownian motion. On the other hand, the influence of nanoparticles' shapes on the heat transfer rate is considered in the simulations. The channel is included with the injection pipes which are modeled as active bodies with constant temperature in the 2D simulations. Findings: The Rayleigh number, nanoparticle concentration and the thermal arrangements of internal pipes are the governing parameters. The hydrothermal aspects of natural convection are investigation using different approaches such as average Nusselt number, total entropy generation, Bejan number, streamlines, temperature fields, local heat transfer irreversibility, local fluid friction irreversibility and heatlines. Originality/value: The originality of this work is investigation of fluid flow, heat transfer, entropy generation and heatline visualization within a nanofluid-filled channel using a finite volume method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]