Cystic fibrosis bone disease treatment: Current knowledge and future directions.

Bone disease is a frequent complication in adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Early detection and monitoring of bone mineral density and multidisciplinary preventive care are necessary from childhood through adolescence to minimize CF-related bone disease (CFBD) in adult CF patients. Approaches to optimizing bone health include ensuring adequate nutrition, particularly intake of calcium and vitamins D and K, addressing other secondary causes of low bone density such as hypogonadism, encouraging weight bearing exercise, and avoiding bone toxic medications. Of the currently available anti-resorptive or anabolic osteoporosis medications, only bisphosphonates have been studied in individuals with CF. Future studies are needed to better understand the optimal approach for managing CFBD. • Optimizing bone health includes adequate nutrition, intake of calcium and vitamins D and K, and weight bearing exercise. • Bone density should be monitored regularly in patients with CF. • The decision to start pharmacologic therapy and choice of medication should be made on a case-by-case basis. • Only bisphosphonates have been studied specifically in patients with CF. • CFTR modulators offer promise for improving CF bone disease by enhancing overall targeting CFTR dysfunction in bone cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]