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Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from soil in the cultivation of tomato in a Mediterranean environment.
- Source :
-
Geophysical Research Abstracts . 2019, Vol. 21, p1-1. 1p. - Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- To keep global warming below 1.5˚ C, agriculture will have to contribute as the other sectorsto achieve net negative emissions by the end of century [1]. Enteric fermentation andagricultural soils account for about 70% of agricultural non-CO2 emissions, and soil is themain source of nitrous oxide [1]. The challenge is to identify agricultural practices for GHGemissions mitigation and crop yield conservation, especially in the Mediterranean where fewstudies were conducted. In this study we measured soil fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) andmethane (CH4) in a field trial in Tuscany region (Italy), for two cropping seasons (2014 and2015) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Perfect Peel, managed in fertigation. The maintreatment was irrigation with two levels: Ir1 (50% ET) and Ir2 (100% ET). The secondarytreatment was N fertilization with three levels: N0 (0 kg N ha−1), N1 (120 kg Nha−1) and N2 (170 kg N ha−1). Soil GHG fluxes were measured using a mobileinstrument developed within the project LIFE+ "Improved flux Prototypes for N2Oemission reduction from Agriculture" (IPNOA) (www.ipnoa.eu), equipped withhigh performance gas analysers and through-flow non-steady state chambers [2].Ancillary measurements were meteorological data, soil temperature and moisture, soilmineral nitrogen. Cumulative N2O emissions during the crop growing season rangedbetween 140 g N2O-N ha−1 and 1230 g N2O-N ha−1. They were significantlylower: in 2014 than in 2015 (-51%), in Ir1 than in Ir2 (-34%) and in N0 than inthe fertilized plots (-44%) and they were ordered as N0<N1<N2 in 2014 and asN0=N2<N1 in 2015. Cumulative CO2 emissions ranged between 2771 kg CO2-C ha−1and 4130 kg CO2-C ha−1 and in 2014 they were significantly lower in N1 than inthe other two N levels (-18%), while in 2015 they were significantly lower in N0than in N1 (-7%), and N2 recorded an average value. Cumulative CO2 emissionswere significantly lower in Ir2 than Ir1 (-25%) in N0 in 2014, while in 2015 weobserved the opposite (+37%). In N1 and N2, CO2 emissions were not differentbetween Ir1 and Ir2 in both years. The CH4 uptake of soil ranged between -231g CH4-C ha−1 and -38 g CH4-C ha−1 and it was not affected by the treatments.Fresh fruit biomass was significantly higher in 2014 (143 ±7 t ha−1) than in 2015(75 ±4 t ha−1) and it was significantly higher in the fertilized plots (+48%) thanin N0. The main result of this study highlighted the chance to mitigate soil N2Oemissions reducing the irrigation level in fertigation, while preserving the tomatoyield. Differently, the reduction of N fertilizer rate, mitigated soil N2O emissionsonly in the first year and decreased the tomato yield as average of the two croppingseasons. [1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC (2014) Climate Change 2014Synthesis Report of the Fifth Assessment Report. [2] Livingston GP and Hutchinson GL (1995) Enclosure-based measurement of trace gasexchange: applications and sources of error. In: Matson PA, Harriss RC (Eds.), BiogenicTrace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water. Blackwell Science, Cambridge.14–50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation
*TILLAGE
*SOIL air
*TOMATO farming
*TOMATOES
*CROP yields
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 10297006
- Volume :
- 21
- Database :
- Academic Search Index
- Journal :
- Geophysical Research Abstracts
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 140489870