Route and speed optimization for liner ships under emission control policies.

• Prefer longer route with shorter distance within the ECA; sailing speed within the ECA is lower. • The larger difference the fuel price within and outside the ECA, the more savings the model can achieve. • A set of Pareto optimal solutions is provided for the decision makers. • Provide suggestions for the redesign of ECA. Pollutants such as nitrogen oxides ( NO x ), sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 ), and particulate matters (PM) generated by shipping industry are increasing in recent years. In order to control the ship emission pollution, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has established the Emission Control Areas (ECAs). In the fierce competition of the shipping market, liner shipping companies are looking for strategies to maintain their core competencies under the emission control policy. To achieve this goal, this paper first proposes a bi-objective mixed integer linear programming model, aiming to optimize sailing routes and speeds within and outside the ECA while minimizing the total fuel cost and SO 2 emissions. Then, a new algorithm is developed to solve the proposed model by combining the two-stage iterative algorithm and fuzzy logic method based on ∊ -constraint. Finally, this paper compares and analyzes the navigation plan of a real sailing route considering and not considering the effects of ECA. Some experiments are conducted to analyze the effects of fuel cost, decision makers, and ECA boundaries on the total fuel cost and SO 2 emissions. The results indicate that the proposed model and algorithm can contribute to save fuel cost and reduce SO 2 emissions under the ECA policy and provide different Pareto optimal solutions. Thus, the effectiveness of the model and the efficiency of the algorithm are validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]