Neighborhood- and Object-Based Probabilistic Verification of the OU MAP Ensemble Forecasts during 2017 and 2018 Hazardous Weather Testbeds.

An object-based probabilistic (OBPROB) forecasting framework is developed and applied, together with a more traditional neighborhood-based framework, to convection-permitting ensemble forecasts produced by the University of Oklahoma (OU) Multiscale data Assimilation and Predictability (MAP) laboratory during the 2017 and 2018 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiments. Case studies from 2017 are used for parameter tuning and demonstration of methodology, while the 2018 ensemble forecasts are systematically verified. The 2017 case study demonstrates that the OBPROB forecast product can provide a unique tool to operational forecasters that includes convective-scale details such as storm mode and morphology, which are typically lost in neighborhood-based methods, while also providing quantitative ensemble probabilistic guidance about those details in a more easily interpretable format than the more commonly used paintball plots. The case study also demonstrates that objective verification metrics reveal different relative performance of the ensemble at different forecast lead times depending on the verification framework (i.e., object versus neighborhood) because of the different features emphasized by object- and neighborhood-based evaluations. Both frameworks are then used for a systematic evaluation of 26 forecasts from the spring of 2018. The OBPROB forecast verification as configured in this study shows less sensitivity to forecast lead time than the neighborhood forecasts. Both frameworks indicate a need for probabilistic calibration to improve ensemble reliability. However, lower ensemble discrimination for OBPROB than the neighborhood-based forecasts is also noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]