Age, Gender, and International Author Networks in the Earth and Space Sciences: Implications for Addressing Implicit Bias.

Author networks play a key role in doing science. Developing networks is critical for career advancement in a variety of ways, and differences in networks may be a core reason for persistence of implicit bias, particularly with regards to gender. Combining the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting abstracts from 2014–2018 with self‐identified AGU member data on birth year and gender provides a large database of more than 400,000 unique coauthor interactions that we use to examine author networks by age, gender, and country. Age data are necessary to disambiguate the effect of a historic lack of women in the Earth and Space Science. The data show that women's networks are closer to those expected from the age–gender distribution of the overall membership; whereas, networks of men include more men than expected. Women also have more male coauthors within their age cohort than expected from the membership distribution. Women's networks are also less international than their male colleagues in most age cohorts. These differences start in the youngest age cohort. These data indicate that addressing implicit bias requires efforts at purposefully encouraging and developing more balanced author networks, particularly in early‐career scientists. Recent work suggests that this will also improve science outputs. Plain Language Summary: Today, most research is conducted in teams, which allows different techniques and expertise to be applied to a scientific investigation. It also allows for sharing skills among team members, which especially benefits students. The size of these research teams, which translates to co‐authorship of conference presentations and manuscripts, has been growing and increasingly involves members from multiple countries. Professional connections made through teams are also important for career advancement. In this paper, we examine the age, gender, and extent of international collaborations of scientists by looking at authors of meeting presentations of one of the largest scientific meetings in the world, AGU's annual Fall Meeting. We found that male scientists tended to have a higher proportion of male co‐authors than would be expected at random and more international collaborations than women. These differences were apparent across most age groups, notably including authors in their twenties. This implies that actions are needed to help students of both genders equitably develop and expand their networks. Key Points: Women's coauthor networks are balanced across age groups; men's contain more men than expectedWomen tend to have fewer international coauthors than men in most countriesThese differences are in the youngest age cohorts, implying that addressing implicit bias requires interventions early in careers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]