Tendencias metodológicas en la evaluación del grado de contaminación y de riesgos por metales pesados presentes en sedimentos viales urbanos.

The main objective of this article is to analyze global trends in the use of methods to assess the contamination of heavy metals (MP) associated with urban road sediment (SV). A systematic literature review was carried out between the years 1995-2018. A citation frequency index was used to establish an order of importance for the detected categories. The results show the following order of importance for the categories detected: metallic enrichment (87.0%) > health risk (55.8%) > environmental risk (35.1%). The global preference methods for each of the categories are the geoaccumulation index (55.8%), hazard quotient (50.6%), and the ecological risk index (31.2%), respectively. These preferences are possibly conditioned by the local existence of information on background concentrations of MP, daily inhalation doses of particles associated with SV, toxicity factors due to ingestion/dermal contact with MP, and emission factors of SV particles. The most relevant MP are Pb (97.4%), Cu (93.5%), and Zn (89,6%). However, Cr-Cd-As are also highlighted for their high ecological and carcinogenic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]