Lung ultrasound-guided surfactant administration: time for a personalized, physiology-driven therapy.

Neonatal lung ultrasound is a novel imaging technique that is gathering growing interest in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Functional lung ultrasound is able to document the failure of non-invasive respiratory support that often preludes to exogenous surfactant administration for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) [[1]]. However, there are enough evidence-based data to give surfactant as early as possible (that is, within the first 3 hours of life) [[9]] in preterm neonates affected by RDS treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and all guidelines recognize this [[2], [4]]. [Extracted from the article]