Additive manufacturing of the core template for the fabrication of an artificial blood vessel: the relationship between the extruded deposition diameter and the filament/nozzle transition ratio.

An artificial blood vessel with a tubular structure was additively manufactured via fused deposition modeling (FDM) starting from a single strand of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filament coated with a specific thickness of biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), followed by removal of the inner core via hydrogen peroxide leaching under sonication. In particular, we examined the relationship between the extruded deposition diameter and the filament migration speed/nozzle control speed (referred to as the filament/nozzle transition ratio), which is almost independent of the extruded deposition flow rate due to the weak die-swelling and memory effects of the extruded PVA arising from its intrinsically low viscoelasticity. The chemical stability of the PDMS during sonication in the hydrogen peroxide solution was then determined by spectroscopic techniques. The PDMS displayed no mechanical degradation in the hydrogen peroxide solution, resulting in similar fracture elongation and yield strength to those of the pristine specimen without the leaching treatment. As a further advantage, the inside surface of the PDMS was smooth regardless of the hydrogen peroxide leaching under sonication. The potential application of the as-developed scaffold in soft tissue engineering (particularly that involving vascular tissue regeneration) was demonstrated by the successful transplantation of the artificial blood vessel in a right-hand surgical replica used in a clinical simulation. Unlabelled Image • A single strand of PVA was additively manufactured via FDM. • The PVA was dip-coated with a specific thickness of biocompatible PDMS. • PVA was removed from the PVA/PDMS structure with H 2 O 2 leaching under sonication. • The tubular structure of PDMS exhibits chemical stability and mechanical reliability. • The artificial blood vessel was transplanted into a right-hand surgical replica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]