Genetic management of a water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) population at Bang Kachao Peninsula as a consequence of urbanization with Varanus Farm Kamphaeng Saen as the first captive research establishment.

Water monitors (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) are large lizards that inhabit wetlands. However, populations seem to be declining due to habitat fragmentation resulting from urban development. To develop an effective strategic conservation plan, the genetic diversity and population structure of water monitors at Bang Kachao Peninsula, a rich urban ecosystem in Bangkok, were analyzed using mitochondrial (mt) D‐loop II sequences and microsatellite genotyping. Both genetic markers indicated a high degree of population‐level genetic diversity. The consistency of the star‐shaped haplotype network and results of neutrality tests strongly suggest the occurrence of a recent expansion in the population, possibly driven by anthropogenic urbanization. Subpopulations at Bang Kachao Peninsula are unlikely but gene flow between water monitors has occurred, which is suggestive of female‐based dispersal. The large population of water monitors at Bang Kachao Peninsula creates conflict with local residents. Long‐term population management through translocation has been conducted by captive management at Varanus Farm Kamphaeng Saen. The results of genetic monitoring indicate that the captive research population was soundly established. Comparison of allelic profiles between the two populations is necessary before translocation of water monitor groups from Bang Kachao Peninsula to Varanus Farm Kamphaeng Saen to reduce human‐wildlife conflict. This work is the first step toward establishment of long‐term ecological monitoring and an in situ/ex‐situ conservation program, which are part of attempts to promote biodiversity in Thailand, following scientific principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]