Fully Integrated Analog Machine Learning Classifier Using Custom Activation Function for Low Resolution Image Classification.

This paper presents fully-integrated analog neural network classifier architecture for low resolution image classification that eliminates memory access. We design custom activation functions using single-stage common-source amplifiers, and apply a hardware-software co-design methodology to incorporate knowledge of the custom activation functions into the training phase to achieve high accuracy. Performing all computations entirely in the analog domain eliminates energy cost associated with memory access and data movement. We demonstrate our classifier on multinomial classification task of recognizing down-sampled handwritten digits from MNIST dataset. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS process, the measured energy consumption for down-sampled MNIST dataset is 173pJ/classification, which is $3\times $ better than state-of-the-art. The prototype IC achieves mean classification accuracy of 81.3% even after down-sampling the original MNIST images by 96% from $28\times 28$ pixels to $5\times 5$ pixels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]