Yüz ve Boyun Estetiğinde İntradermal Botulinum Toksin Uygulamaları.

Intradermal-botulinum toxin (ID-BoNT) procedures; a relatively novel application of esthetics, including many different techniques are mostly experienced in the Asian countries and successful results are reported. On the other hand these techniques are leading to arguements since that they are accepted as unscientific by the professionals who consider the primary target of neurotoxin should be the musculary layer. The common aspects of these techniques are: usage of more dilueted concentrations compared to the standart BoNT protocols; injections are performed intradermally, in a grid-like fashion, over larger skin areas, on many injection spots, with 0.8-1 cm intervals, in tiny doses. It is well-known that the main esthetic effect of BoNT is the reversible musculary paralysis by blocking presynapticacetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Besides this, BoNT potentially regulates extraneuronal acetylcholine which has been demonstrated to influence many autocrine, paracrine and endocrine cutaneous cell functions, and inhibits other inflammatory mediators like substance-P, transient-receptor-potential-vanilloid-1 and calcitonin-gene-related-peptide. In this review; the effects of ID-BoNT, possibly related to the adverted mechanisms, defined as controlled and safer in facial and neck esthetics besides the related procedures are mentioned in captions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]