The piggyBac-derived protein 5 (PGBD5) transposes both the closely and the distantly related piggyBac-like elements Tcr-pble and Ifp2.

[Display omitted] • Nine domesticated piggyBac transposases of different ages are present in vertebrates. • The closest pble relatives of these 9 domesticated transposases were identified. • The closest piggyBac- like transposon relative was Tcr-pble. • We confirm that the domesticated piggyBac transposase PGBD5 triggers Ifp2 mobility. • PGBD5 mediates proper and improper transposition events with Ifp2 and Tcr-pble. The vertebrate piggyBac derived transposase 5 (PGBD5) encodes a domesticated transposase, which is active and able to transpose its distantly related piggyBac -like element (pble), Ifp2. This raised the question whether PGBD5 would be more effective at mobilizing a phylogenetically closely related pble element. We aimed to identify the pble most closely related to the pgbd5 gene. We updated the landscape of vertebrate pgbd genes to develop efficient filters and identify the most closely related pble to each of these genes. We found that Tcr-pble is phylogenetically the closest pble to the pgbd5 gene. Furthermore, we evaluated the capacity of two murine and human PGBD5 isoforms, Mm523 and Hs524, to transpose both Tcr-pble and Ifp2 elements. We found that both pble s could be transposed by Mm523 with similar efficiency. However, integrations of both pbles occurred through both proper transposition and improper PGBD5-dependent recombination. This suggested that the ability of PGBD5 to bind both pbles may not be based on the primary sequence of element ends, but may involve recognition of inner DNA motifs, possibly related to palindromic repeats. In agreement with this hypothesis, we identified internal palindromic repeats near the end of 24 pble sequences, which display distinct sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]