Diversidade da macrofauna e caracterização do solo que compõe a área de Nim (Azadirachta Indica) da Fazenda Escola de Igarapé Açu no Nordeste Paraense.

The community of soil organisms, including species visible to the naked eye (> 2.0 mm), is represented by more than 20 taxonomic groups. The soil is a heterogeneous and dynamic environment, in which there is a huge variety of organisms and high biodiversity and abundance of living beings. This work aims to analyze the diversity and characterize the soil of an area of Nim (Azadirachta indica), located Igarapé-açu, UFRA school farm, through diversity indices for the edaphic macrofauna and the Munsell letter for identification of the soil color. The work was conducted for 6 months from March to September 2018, containing 4 visits throughout the survey. With this, 3 collections were made for edaphic macrofauna and soil. The Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Pielou indices were used to assess the diversity of the macrofauna, and collections were made in blocks in the soil, where each block was performed 4 repetitions with depths of 0 cm - 20 cm, 20 cm - 40 cm, 40 cm - 60 cm and 60 cm - 80 cm, for a total of 64 samples. Both the ephoric macrofauna and the soil, showed a fundamental association for the balance of a system where it houses a considerable variety of life. According to the diversity indexes, it can be seen that there are taxonomic groups that dominate a specific habitat in favor of the condition and the period they are in, indicating greater activity in collection 3, a fact linked to the beginning of the dry period, where the neem leaves begin falling. The region's soil was characterized as oxisols with sandy-clay characteristics. It was possible to verify that the edaphic macrofauna, associated with the soil environment as a whole, are fundamental for the balance of a system that inhabits an unimaginable variety of life. The representatives of Diplopodas are the most present species in the studied area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]