3D cross-linked graphene or/and MXene based nanomaterials for electromagnetic wave absorbing and shielding.

With the rapid digitalization and technological advancements of the modern society, the seriously increasing electromagnetic pollution has created stronger demand for advanced electromagnetic wave shielding and absorbing materials in both civilian and military fields. Multifunctional materials with ultra-lightweight, wide bandwidth, highly flexible and robustness are the future development direction to meet the applications. Graphene and MXene, as two typical 2D nanomaterials, have attracted considerable interests for the electromagnetic wave shielding and absorbing materials. More importantly, three dimensional (3D) cross-linked graphene or/and MXene based materials, where graphene or/and MXene sheets are interconnected into a macroscopic monolithic bulk material, can achieve excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and microwave absorption (MA) performance, together with lightweight, exceptional mechanical properties and so on. This review addresses the construction methods of graphene and MXene based 3D cross-linked materials, and the effects of different fabrication methods toward the structure and EMI shielding and/or MA properties are discussed. Additionally, some perceptions and discussions are proposed for the future studies. In this Review Article, 3DGraphene, 3DMXene and 3DGraphene/MXene hybrid structures containing 3D cross-linked networks of graphene or/and MXene sheets as the building units are reviewed for their EMI shielding and microwave absorption. The recent development, including their construction methods and the effects of different fabrication methods for these three kinds of 3D cross-linked materials toward their structures and EMI shielding or/and MA performance are summarized. Future outlook of such 3D cross-linked materials and their associated challenges in electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorption field are also proposed and discussed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]