Spatial optimization of ground-based primary extraction routes using the BestWay decision support system.

Improving productivity in forest logging operations while reducing negative impact on soil and streams has gained increasing attention. Positioning primary extraction routes is crucial in these efforts, as it has a huge impact on efficient and sustainable forwarder passages. To minimize the total forwarding distance and avoid steep terrain and impact on soil and water, we developed a decision support system, including a detailed optimization model and solution method. The main source of information consisted of a detailed digital terrain model, depth-to-water maps, and forest volume density. The information was supplemented with the extent of the stand, position of the landing(s), nature and culture conservation sites, and any known unavoidable crossings in the terrain (e.g., streams). Because fast solution time was a critical requirement, we developed a decomposition method based on Lagrangian relaxation. The system was evaluated in two case studies in Sweden. In the first case, the optimization model performance was analyzed at 30 final harvesting sites. In the second case, experienced forest company staff evaluated the primary extraction routes at 19 harvest sites in operational conditions. The results indicated that the model allowed for faster planning, shorter driving distances, and the potential to reduce negative impact on soil and water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]